Suffragettes - UK and United States

For all those writers writing history pieces that involve women's suffrage, this is for you. For all those people scrolling facebook, pinterest, and twitter out of boredom, this is also for you. This is especially for those who love women's history.

 These brave women are the reason women can vote and be involved in law. Here's the basic overview of how long they fought for the basic right to have legal voice.

In the UK

It was started in 1897 by Milicent Fawcett. She was for peaceful protest because doing anything irresponsible may prove to the men that women couldn't be trusted. Later another group began, after that one failed.

Emmeline Pankhurst started Women's Social and Political Union in 1903 and was willing to do anything to get what she wanted, violence included. She interrupted many meetings with her suffragette group and they were jailed many times over for it. They also burned churches that didn't agree with them, broke windows, chained themselves to Buckingham Palace, shouted abuse at Parliament from the Thames river, and refused to pay taxes, as well as, firebombing homes, vandalizing golf courses, and attacking politicians.



Suffragettes happily went to prison and went on a hunger strike. They began force-feeding these women. Because of the passing of the Cat and Mouse Act, force-feeding was outlawed and once too weak, they were released. Some were picked up later for trivial reasons and the process started over again, all because this meant they couldn't participate in the movement because of health. The police used this technique often to keep the movement under control.

World War I took over everyone's agenda and the women put their attention into the war support. 1918 was the year that women over the age of 30 were given the right to vote. It was a starting point.

In the United States

The right to vote took decades here. The right to vote was given in 1920. The movement began before the civil war, in 1848. The temperance, religious, moral-reform, and anti-slavery movements were going on, as well. 

It started with the Seneca Falls convention, where abolitionists gathered to discuss women voting and agreed it was needed. During the 1850s it gathered, and lost, steam. The black men got the right to vote in 1870, but not women. Groups began campaigning for women's votes, both universally and state-by-state. These two groups merged in 1890. 

 In 1910 they gained some ground. Some western states gave women the vote. Southern and eastern, not so much. Just like in the UK, some made peaceful campaign plans and others picketed and hunger-striked. Also, World War I put those plans on hold. After that, the vote was won for all women on August 18th, 1920. 

Why This Matters

Women today have enjoyed the right to vote since 1920, or in the UK, around 1918. In the case of other countries, this is different, so please be aware of that when writing a setting that is none of the above. 

We are all blessed enough to vote on our representation. Women have come a long way since 1920 and have the privilege to do so much. Not only do we vote, but we also work and own property. History shows us how blessed we are to live the way we do.  Thank you, Suffragettes. 

Pictures:
bbc.co.uk
phoenix.org.uk
wikipedia
nps.gov

Sources:
https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/the-fight-for-womens-suffrage
https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/the-role-of-british-women-in-the-twentieth-century/suffragettes/

Nellie Bly - 10 Days in the Mad-House

Nellie Bly, real name Elizabeth Jane Cochran, was a great investigative reporter that wrote many great stories, but one made it into the movies. One of her greatest stories included traveling the world in 72 days, but she is most known for going undercover at the asylum on Blackwell Island, NY. The book was titled Ten Days in the Madhouse.

Blackwell Island, NY

Blackwell Asylum was the first mental hospital in New York. It was overcrowded, which resulted in a lack of internal administration, disease outbreaks, improper diet and nutrition, and bad living conditions. To reduce costs they even hired convicts as attendants. They had accommodations for 640 in 1868 and had 1035 people in the building. More buildings were built throughout time. Female and immigrant patients were many, though men still ended up here. The newest and most violent were put in one building, and if new patients weren't violent, moved to another building. Nellie Bly checked herself into here in 1887. 10 days later she was released with the help of Pulitzer. Several investigations later, her report ended this asylum. In 1901 all patients were transferred elsewhere and it closed. 

 The saner she acted, the more insane she was thought to be. Her report, according to asylumprojects.org, looked like this:

"What, excepting torture, would produce insanity quicker than this treatment? Here is a class of women sent to be cured. I would like the expert physicians who are condemning me for my action, which has proven their ability, to take a perfectly sane and healthy woman, shut her up and make her sit from 6 a.m. until 8 p.m. on straight-back benches, do not allow her to talk or move during these hours, give her no reading and let her know nothing of the world or its doings, give her bad food and harsh treatment, and see how long it will take to make her insane. Two months would make her a mental and physical wreck."

Currently, it is now a historic building restored into an apartment complex. Would you want to live there? Yeah, not me. It is called Roosevelt Island now. 

What Nellie Bly Experienced

*If you want details, as in a lot of details, I strongly suggest you read 10 Days in the Mad-House for yourself. I am writing a snapshot view of her report that won't be pages long.*

Nellie Bly took on a new name, checked herself into a boarding house, and acted insane. She acted like an insomniac, wandered, and ranted incoherently. She was committed in days. She claimed to be a Cuban immigrant with amnesia. She went from Bellevue Hospital to Blackwell Island. 

1600 patients were in a building built for 1000 people. There were 16 doctors on staff. Asylums could be used as what we now call "circus freak shows" and be entertainment for the public. This was just the beginning of a terrible 10 days. Patients were forced to take cold baths and remain in wet clothes for hours, creating frequent sickness. People were forced to sit still in chairs in silence for 12 hours, forced to pull carts like mules, and given bad living conditions and food. Complaining resulted in beatings and threat of sexual violence. 

Inmates were composed of, often, sane people. They were recent imigrants, got caught up in law systems and couldn't communicate, were poor, or were women (mostly). Sane people were being psychologically harmed. 

Even though her cover was nearly blown by a fellow reporter, she made it for 10 days and got out with some outside help from her editor. Her reports were published within days. A grand jury investigated the asylum one month later, but they had been tipped off and cleaned up their act. Despite this denial of her facts, the jury took Bly's side. They increased funding, abusive staff were fired, translators were hired, and the system was changed to prevent the sane from being committed. Bly's career took off after this story. 

Pictures:
Haiku Deck
azquotes.com
macaulay honors college

Sources:
https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/nellie-bly
http://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php/Blackwell%27s_Island_Asylum
https://www.biography.com/news/inside-nelly-bly-10-days-madhouse

Female Hysteria - a snapshot of women's history

The term "female hysteria" or "wandering womb" was used from 4th Century BC  to the 19th century and declined when psychology became more understood. Today we don't use either term. Thankfully, we have doctors who understand how the female body functions, gynecologists.

Basic Beliefs  On Hysteria

What was considered female hysteria?  It was considered common, chronic, and only applied to women. Here's a list.

Hysteria Symptoms
- anxiety  -shortness of breath  - fainting  -nervousness - sexual desire  -insomnia
 - fluid retention (periods)  -heaviness in the abdomen  - irritability
- loss of food/sexual appetite  -being sexually forward  - being a troublemaker

If you laughed or cringed at that list and pointed out several symptoms had several explanations (including "I don't want to have sex with Mr. X" or pregnancy) you will be glad to know this is no longer a valid diagnosis. Most of these have to do with being female, or human, in general.

It was believed by the Greeks that the womb wandered around the body causing disease and pain for the woman, like a live animal. While some denied this theory, they didn't deny the hysteria. It was also believed by Galen that this was a widow's disease because a female's "seed" turned to venom if "retained in the womb". (In shorter terms, if you didn't get pregnant, you had a period.) Beliefs ranged from the medieval assumption of demonic possession to an 18th to 19th-century mental illness. Some also believed it more commonly affected widows, women with children, women with regular periods, and forward women deprived of sex.

What  Happened To These Women

Sadly and tragically, some of these women ended up in asylums or had a hysterectomy happen to them. Both, in some cases.  

We now come to the cure for this "disease". Here are some nifty guidelines of who did what. 

4th and 5th century:

- Special Fragrances under nose or lady parts  - Sex  - ointment rubbed on lady parts (by a midwife) 

Middle ages to early modern:

- sex  -marriage and pregnancy  - manual stimulation with scents or oils (by a midwife) 

18th Century:

- sanitarium/asylums (considered mental illness, not related to Uterus)

19th Century:

 - Manual stimulation (doctor-given or midwife-given unknown)  - the vibrator (debated)

Treatment within sanitariums/asylums

In the asylums, hysterectomy and other female surgeries became an option. Be aware that some asylums just threw everyone in a dark hole, or through various "treatments" caused the sane to become insane. Some became slaves. Hysteria may have been used as an excuse by some (not all) men to get rid of wives or unconventional, trouble-making women in their lives. *Warning, looking up what went on in old asylums may make it hard to sleep at night.* Do your research on this. If you can't handle dark things, heed my warning.

This has been a basic snapshot the diagnosis of Female Hysteria. It makes me glad we live in a time period where women's medicine and women's status has advanced. Do your research and check my facts, and if you want more on the topic of women's history comment below. 

Pictures:
Talk space
The Scotsman



https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/chm/outreach/trade_in_lunacy/research/womenandmadness/
https://www.lib.uwo.ca/archives/virtualexhibits/londonasylum/hysteria.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_hysteria

Writing characters with depression - inside and out

We talk about mental health awareness, but as a writer, how do you write a character with  depression? What does that look like, thought-wise? Let's dive into that.

Depression is defined as a mood disorder causing persistent dark, sad thoughts and loss of interest, according to the Mayo Clinic. That being said, I know several examples of people you would never guess had depression. There is such a thing as "masking" your true thoughts and emotions. It also causes one to isolate and distance themselves from the support they might have. One reason to check in on someone with this disorder is that they may be battling dark thoughts alone. Most successful suicides that were caused by depression happened with no warning or an alarming, sudden peace. 

What Others See

When it comes to character building, be aware some people do talk about their depression and seek help. Some also suffer alone and wear a "mask" until it becomes too terrible to deal with, or both. It's common for them to distance themselves and "disappear" from their social life periodically. What your other characters see depends on how close they are to this individual and whether the individual trusts them. Metaphorically, they play two roles; one for the people they don't trust and one for the people they do trust. Sadly, the same person can be in both categories, depending on their relationship and actions. The trusted characters still see them isolate themselves.

Here are a few guidelines on what your other characters may see:

Trusted friends 

 - honest dialogue  - deep emotion  - vulnerability  - breakdowns  

Not Trusted General Public

- smiles/fake happiness  - "normal" look   - in general, blending in - acting like nothing is wrong

What all this boils down to is that one is only vulnerable in front of trusted people. Acquaintances won't, or rarely, see or hear about the dark sadness attacking a person with depression. 

On the Inside

Depression, for many, comes and goes with no warning and comes back at the worst possible time (much like Murphy's Law). So, suddenly canceling plans to go to a concert done by their favorite musician, then sitting alone with no motivation that evening is a possible scenario and a good example of why depression sucks. 

This is similar to anxiety in some ways, but not all. To be clear, Anxiety is defined by the Mayo Clinic as persistent worry and fear. Depression sometimes happens to people who have anxiety issues already, but depression isn't always anxiety. 

Self-harm and negative thoughts are common for both, as well as suicide and attempts at suicide. Thinking x, y, or z is your fault or being ashamed because of the mental illness "stigma" is also present in both situations. A lot crosses over, so do your research on depression types while writing your character actions and dialogue. 

Depression is like being weighed down and may not be expressed, especially to those who may not understand. Crying for no reason, mental torment causing exhaustion, not wanting to burden others.....all are signs of depression that aren't just mental. It causes self-destruction in someone. 

What Helps

One of the main reasons it remains unspoken is shame due to mental illness stigma, the idea that you are worth less than others because you struggle mentally. Other reasons include not wanting to burden others, being misunderstood, and being accused of wanting attention. 

Just listening and being there helps. Checking in on someone and sending positive messages is also appreciated. Depending on the severity of the situation, psychiatrists, psychologists, and medication may be necessary. A combination of these things can work, or make things worse. You have the power to make your characters suffer or get healthier, or both. You can make them go back and forth and it would be realistic. 

picture:

Robert Sherill

https://www.time-to-change.org.uk/category/blog/depression

toxic masculinity - a break-down of toxic manhood

Toxic masculinity is a term we hear often, especially when connected to mental illness and men. It is created by society and can be damaging to someone's mental health, but what is it?

Today I'm going to break down the idea of toxic masculinity. I've mentioned this idea briefly in previous blogs (PTSD and gender in film). It refers to a particularly harmful concept of what real men should be, including aggressive dominance and not showing emotions (thus, not releasing them).

"The Man Box"

The man box can be best explained as a constricting list of standards for manhood. I'm going to list out some of what these can be before I continue.

1. no vulnerability  2. strong at all times  3. only anger-related emotions can be shown 

 4. no signs of weakness  5. aggressive and powerful are good  

Most of these can be summed up as not being "feminine", emotional, weak, or vulnerable. What happens when someone doesn't conform to this is clear; bullying, being on the social fringes, unnecessary cruelty.

When All This Started

This toxic concept began when the idea of manhood started. Imagine that it's the 17th century and it's a patriarchal society (men on top, if you're confused). You are a man and have been taught from boyhood to be the head of the household, where you control your family's choices, including your wife's choices. Feel powerful yet? At this point, women are dependent on men and are confined to the home. That was only the start. Do you understand how this toxicity started yet?

Abuse of power happens everywhere. Patriarchy is not evil, but abuse of it is. It led to some men abusing their families and wives (not all of them). I don't think I have to explain how bad that is for a 17th-century and 18th-century wife with nowhere to go. So, that's where we pick up the aggression that some people call "confidence".

But where do we pick up the "not feminine" part? Let's look at the views of women way back when. Women, for the most part, had motherhood roles, which was heavily emotional, while men went to work, which was more logical. In some cultures this was not the case, like in Nubia when women became queens and had the power of kings, but that is an exception and not the rule. 

What did men in past years think about women, generally? It depends on who you were and when you were alive. Some churches thought some women were temptation and it was Eve's fault for the fall (even though Adam stood there and let her eat the apple). The term female hysteria is a word that male doctors came up with. Women were seen as overly emotional, especially because of hormones and their bodies (which is also why they were seen as temptation). Thus, we get "not feminine" and "not emotional". 

I don't want anyone to hear "I hate men" when I write this, because that isn't my point and I don't. My point is that these toxic traits were planted early on by people who abused the influence and power that they had. The male gender is not the sole reason this happened and it shouldn't be assumed that they are. Now that I've made that point, I'm moving onto the result of this toxicity. 

Why It's Toxic

Not releasing emotion is a one-way ticket to PTSD and mental issues, especially in military settings. When emotions don't get processed through you don't face issues and reach out for help. The impact of not facing issues and hiding them under a mask is huge, making toxic masculinity part of the reason some men do suicide and suffer in silence. 

Just to make this more toxic, men police other men socially when it comes to gender (same is true of women), making anyone standing outside the "man box" a living target for bullying. This includes sensitive men, stay at home dads, homosexuals, and anyone who doesn't fit the conventional male definition. Nice guys or artists sometimes end up at the bottom of the totem pole of male status, while the wolves are at the top. 

I hope you appreciated the break-down of what toxic masculinity is and please let me know what you want to hear about. I aim to arm you with truth. 

pictures:
noorisms
fine arts america
Knowledge@Wharton - University of Pennsylvania
shutterstock

https://owlcation.com/humanities/Women-Through-History
https://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-12
http://mikegwaltney.net/ush2west/?page_id=96
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/toxic-masculinity-definition-what-is-boys-men-gillette-ad-behaviour-attitude-girls-women-a8729336.html

Typical struggles of introverts - writing introverted characters

As an avid reader of introvert blogs, and an introvert, I know that being wired differently isn't easy in a society built by extroverts. I have nothing against extroverts, never have, but the fact remains that being wired differently makes life harder.

What's the difference between an introvert and extrovert? I have a previous blog on that topic if you're confused or don't know the difference. If you click on the archives it will be there.

This post is about writing introverts, specifically from the perspective of an introvert.

Everyday conversations

When it comes to personal friends, we can talk your ear off or be completely comfortable sitting beside someone, but when it comes to people we just met or large crowds we can become bored, lonely, or uncomfortable, which then leads us to be quieter, and instead turn our attention to the dog in the living room or reading people in silence. Comfortable silence is sitting beside a friend reading; uncomfortable silence is looking around the crowded space full of people while trying to decide what to do and who to interact with.

 This concept is wonderfully illustrated by a scene in Scott Pilgrim vs. The World. Scott is standing awkwardly at a loud, crowded party holding a drink beside Young Neil, who is doing the same. He then goes to pee out of boredom a minute later, after saying the party sucks. This is an uncomfortable introvert with no one to talk to (Scott is definitely an introvert, by my definition). 

Something else to keep in mind when writing introverts is eye contact. In my personal experience, eye contact is reserved for close friends and family. When I listen I make eye contact, but not when I speak. I can't explain why this is. It's just how I'm wired. Other characters may find this strange and try to force your character to look them in the eye (it can happen, especially in a theatre setting and dating relationships). Be aware of this as you write interactions and conversations. 

Communication Preference

Verbal is not my strongest form of communication. It's a common issue for introverts and your introverted character. Your character will be planning interactions ahead of time (in their head) and trying to read someone's possible response. You may need to look up specific personality types to see what your character's issues and strengths are, so be prepared to do that. I am an INFJ, something to keep in mind when you hear my perspective. 

Written, on the other hand, makes me sound far less awkward and bolder than I am in person. Not having to look someone in the eye and being able to plan out responses has a lot to do with that. Also, most writers are introverts, so you can partially thank us for the novels you're reading in your spare time. Your character may text more than call, most times.

One on one or small groups are also preferred by introverts. It takes time to plan a response, so large groups of people interrupting us before we get to our point is extremely annoying, thus one-on-one is much better when we have something important to say or want to connect with someone. Small groups also allow us less interruption and help us voice our thoughts. The more openings to say what we're thinking without having to interrupt, the better!

Recharge time and energy

Introverts have been described as hermits or turtles that need to be "pulled out of our shells" and that we need to "put ourselves out there", but the truth of the matter is that we can't have constant company and forever be mentally "on" because our introvert battery (or tolerance for people in general) would be zapped. We need time alone or time in a quiet environment to recharge our batteries. This would be places like our person homes, our bedrooms, outdoors, libraries, and coffee shops. Everyone has their favorite recharge spaces, so it depends on the environment you place your character in. If another character steps into that space uninvited, it would be more real to show your introvert being annoyed or short with the other character. 

 If your character has no personal space and constantly shares a living space with others, this is going

to end in introvert hangover (extremely low battery and isolating themselves) and bad interactions with whomever they live with (especially when pushed to do something they don't want to). Keep this in mind when you put your introvert in a place or situation with no space to recharge. It will impact your dialogue and character interactions. 

People that give and take energy

What some people don't realize, especially extroverts, is that human interaction costs us energy from our introvert batteries. There are some people who give energy and some people who cost energy. The energy vampires, however, are the worst. I'm going to go through the basics on these three types. 

1. battery chargers - 

These people are bright and cheery every time you see them, always positive, too. Introverts seek these people out because they don't cost us energy to interact with them. They brighten our days and put us in a positive mood. These are the exceptions, not the rule. 

2. average joe -

The general population of people who can read body language and social cues go here. Some both cost and give energy, thus end up neutral. Some cost energy, but only a small amount, and same for giving energy. This is the majority of people your character will run into and interact with. Most of the population does know social cues to varying degrees. 

3. energy vampires - 

This particular type of person is to be avoided like they have the plague if you are an introvert. Energy vampires drain you in less than ten minutes. Generally, these people are toxic to your introverted character for two reasons. One, they are taking advantage of your character, or, two, they are nice with no sense of social cues and when to stop talking. I find it important to say that this doesn't mean they are being intentionally annoying or distractive. Sometimes these individuals are just different, but it is slightly possible someone is being nasty to you in this situation if you feel used. Run (if you can)!

learning by observation

When I take in an environment it is with my eyes and ears, not my mouth. Unless I genuinely can't figure something out, I observe. Your introverted character will do more physically than verbally while adjusting to a new setting, so don't make them spout their thoughts verbally like a fountain. Introverts don't speak all their observations out loud, leading to some people jumping to the conclusion that they didn't understand, only because there was no dynamic reaction to see or hear. It is more realistic to have them observe quietly and ask only the necessary questions. Don't depend on dialogue to reveal their thoughts; that isn't how we're wired. 

common misunderstandings

Misunderstandings are many, especially when you live in a world built for extroverts. Here are some that I have experienced:

-assuming you didn't see/understand because there was no large reaction 

 -assuming anything about your thoughts/personality because someone can't read you

-assuming you aren't participating because you didn't speak or speak well in class/during a presentation

-people thinking you need to be pulled out of your shell

What I have discovered is that assumptions are the most common misunderstanding there is, so please ask us what we're thinking before you assume anything to be true. If you make an effort to understand someone first it is a much better outcome. Keep this in mind for you character development and interactions, whether you cause the best or worst outcome to happen. 

Want to hear about any specific topics next? Comment and let me know! I'd be happy to hear from you. Thank you for reading and God bless!

Pictures:
alamo drafthouse cinema
wanna-joke
teepublic

the magnet - ongig