illegitimate children - a history

I talked about fallen women already here, but we have yet to talk about the shame connected with being an illegitimate child. What happens when it isn't your fault you were born outside of marriage? Let's find out. 

Photo by legalnaija.com

First of all, you couldn't inherit any title or anything. Daughter of a duke? Means nothing. No status or inheritance for you. Basically, you would be a dirty secret that got swept under the rug by most people. Even if you didn't have a parent with a title it was bad. You represented the sin of your mother. Some women ditched their children at churches in the area in order to spare themselves shame. Some even killed their own children. The term for an illegitimate child is still in use today as an insult - bastard. At this point in time, you do not have to endure abuse for being born out of wedlock (thankfully for many children), but it has not always been so. 

Society's Flawed View 

The father was considered the leader of the household. Without the man of the house, it was thought that illegitimate children on the street became criminals. Often, a woman with an illegitimate child was not given aid (as established in my blog on poorhouses) due to her immoral reputation. Again, the child was proof of her sin at that time. The woman and child ended up on the streets without help in many cases, thus the possibility of turning to crime was high for both mother and child. In my opinion, this was more of a problem society created, but society at that time thought immoral people shouldn't be given extra help. In summary, it wasn't your fault and now no one will help your mother, thus you get punished for being born. Your reputation is mud already. 

In wealthy families you might be sent off to be a skeleton in a closet metaphorically. One Bridgerton novel covers this. The mother dropped her off to be a ward of the father, who cared for her rather well, but kept her origin a secret. Is that better than the streets? Yes, but if anyone finds out your origin you are still mud. Rich families had plenty of these secrets going around. You could also be given up for adoption, which was probably better than the streets, too. Mistresses had children, just like other women, and some families did care for the illegitimate children that came from them. Skeletons in closet secrets are often illegitimate children.

How do you know?

How could you tell in historical documents that someone was illegitimate? The lack of a father's name on a marriage or birth certificate. Easy as pie. Age is also a sign in census records. Sometimes grandparents got the child. If the youngest child has a whole lot of older siblings and the age of parents is a little older you can figure it out. The church baptism certificate might also straight up say "bastard" on it. Yep, it's mean, but they sometimes put it bluntly. When looking for the father of a child, check to see if the household servants are connected or the mother married the father shortly after (thus step-father is the biological father). Poor law records and parish records might actually tell you who the father is. Earlier illegitimate children were cared for by the church, which took care of poorhouses and workhouses. 

A woman drops her child off as a "foundling" 
Photo by BBC history

Lies breed stories that don't make sense. People will hide family history for various reasons. If you had an ancestor that was illegitimate you might find this out real quick. Be tactful if you look into that bit of family tree. Aside from the records, a story might not make sense and your common sense might tell you someone lied. Did someone pass off a child as a sibling when they weren't? Did someone disappear to a nursing home and come back with a weird depression? If someone was a foundling, you might have a real clear clue. Believe it or not, women killed their children out of shame, too. 

Strangely, the law still has some weirdness for illegitimate children. Click here for details. It is a bit complicated. I'll let you look at the link in this paragraph. Laws change. Back when there wasn't equal protection men were not entitled to help the child. The child was no one's child because legally a man's child was his property and not the mother's property. Which was terrible. 

Famous illegitimates

In the case of William the Bastard, he did inherit - but only because there were no legitimate children of his father. He was the eldest, so he got to be Duke. He also led a successful invasion of England. After this successful invasion, he was known as (drum roll please!) William the Conqueror. While his barons took advantage of him earlier on, he was a hard man due to his childhood and resorted to cutting off the hands and feet of rebels to gain control back. 

Lawrence of Arabia was illegitimate. He traveled around visiting castles, then the middle east. He joined the British war office during WWI. They sent him to Cairo, where he gave them maps and Turkish war positions. He later arranged an Arab revolt against the Turkish government and was instrumental in its success. Unfortunately, the allies carved up the middle east afterward. 

Alexander Hamilton is one we know well. He was the second child of a Scottish drifting merchant and a woman having an affair. He worked in a counting house first, then went on to go to college where his studies were interrupted by a revolt. He became captain of the artillery when fighting began and got Washington's attention, becoming his aide-de-camp. He made enemies of Arron Burr and eventually was challenged to a duel that ended in his death. 

Leonardo Da Vinci - Photo by discoverwalks.com

Lastly, but never least, is Leonardo Da Vinci. He was the product of a wealthy florentine man and a peasant girl with easy virtue. He painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. His seventeen siblings did not appreciate him and considered him a stain in the family. His success, however, made up for getting denied some of his father's estate. He got some satisfaction, too, out of getting all his uncle's estate (while everyone else was disinherited entirely). 

Sources:

 https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/apr/14/guardianspecial4.guardianspecial215

https://www.hg.org/legal-articles/inheritance-rights-for-legitimate-and-illegitimate-children-47186

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/illegitimate-child

https://www.whodoyouthinkyouaremagazine.com/tutorials/illegitimate-ancestors/

https://www.nature.com/articles/146298b0

Big Bastards: 10 of History’s Most Influential Illegitimate Children (historycollection.com)

Creating A Writing Routine

 Writers and artists are probably the kings and queens of procrastination. We get distracted and end up somewhere on our social media scrolling or end up on Pinterest (where we originally went for inspiration). I am guilty of this all the time. Today we're going to explore how to create a writing routine that keeps you consistently writing and on track. This can go for artists, too.

Photo by greatspeechwriting.co.uk

A writing routine becomes a habit once you create it and use it consistently. I am not perfect by any means, yet I have finished drafts faster than I thought I would because I didn't wait for the muse to show up. I just wrote, whether it was a paragraph or a whole chapter. You can't wait for the muse to appear if you actually intend to go somewhere with your writing or art form. You'd never get anything finished if you did that.

As for editing, the same goes. Editing is exhausting. You need to schedule breaks in and schedule out what you are doing to your draft to keep it moving. It is not easy, especially when you get to beta reading and your beta readers are taking their sweet time (and this is why you hire an editor, ladies and gentlemen, and don't just hand it to your writer friends asking them for free editing).  Without further adieu, we start with writing - because a draft doesn't write itself!

Draft Writing

 The idea of writing character profiles, an outline, and then writing a whole draft is a lot- but not if you chunk the character profiles into smaller goals, write the outline (rough outline), and then make the goal a chapter a week. The shorter story is that you just chunk it into smaller goals per week. Make your writing goals manageable. It helps you move faster, as well as makes you feel accomplished. Reaching your goals gives you some reward psychologically, thus it gives you a bit of a boost mentally. 

Adapting to holiday schedules and chaotic family occasions can cause disruption to your writing routine. Given this, be prepared to adapt your routine or skip that week for writing goals. Even if you make your goal one paragraph instead of one chapter, you are still writing. Don't beat yourself up for a goal that is made impossible by situations outside of your control. Get back on and start again the next week. 

Find a space that you can focus in and make it yours. Upon doing just that, you can make it purely a writing zone. If possible, do this where and when you won't or can't be interrupted. Depending upon time of day, you might want to find a time where no one is in the apartment with you, your kids are at school, or when not many people have woken up. Unless, of course, activity gives you inspiration. Put that time in a planner or on a calendar and commit to that time of pure writing. In this way, set goals and deadlines for yourself (that are manageable) to keep yourself moving on drafts and projects. 

Photo by stevelaube.com

Log your hours for yourself. Start with 15 minutes and go from there. If you want to finish something fast you'll thank yourself. 15 minutes per day alone can get you at least two short chapters in a book finished. Even if you're using the time to research for a book it is worth it. Make it a page or word count log. Do what works for you, unit-wise. Prioritizing also helps with getting a draft out at a quick pace. When you cut out the time-wasting in your life it ends up creating time, which you can use to pop out the draft you are working on. 

Accountability may help your writing routine thrive. Grab a fellow writer or friend and tell them about what you do. Have them ask about your progress and projects. If someone is doing the routine with you, ask about their projects. It'll keep you both on track and writing. Make sure your buddy is committed, too, and can be honest with you. You may even use them for beta reading later (given you are both committed to writing and feedback). Be willing to do what they do for you. Partnering with someone is not a one-sided activity.

Editing

This is the worst part. You now have a draft, yet it isn't polished or ready to release into the known universe. So, how do you start? First, you plan out what aspects of your book to edit. You have grammar, plotline, plothole searching.....Just pick one at a time and take short breaks between. It is a good idea to save your editor some time (and yourself some money) by doing as much editing as you can before sending it to a paid editor. 

Start by leaving your draft alone for a week or so. Go take a break and relax, maybe work on another draft (like I do) to keep the creativity flowing. This will ensure you don't get blinded to some mistakes that your brain automatically corrects. Some people even put it in a different font and/or print it out. I go through several rounds of editing, so what I do is leave it alone for at least three days between rounds. 

Yes, beta reading is an aspect of this. You need feedback from fresh eyes. Find someone who has the time and will be honest. Accountability partner? Family members who love you and are retired? Many will volunteer, but in my experience, you find out time is an illusion. Those that think they have time will get hit by life - and so will you. Beta reading takes control from you. It is hard. It is necessary. Remember who was swift at beta reading and contact them again sometime. Rule of thumb, go for the people who have time to play with and care about you when choosing beta readers. 

Before beta reading, however, you correct the small typos and read through for plotholes. I do only one of these at a time and plug my chapters into my Grammarly app. It helps me correct sentence structure and find better words to use. I recommend it wholeheartedly, though you should see if it works for you by using the free version before paying for it. Get anything small out of the way in order to fix anything that is big. 

Photo by Wordpress.com

Collect your feedback here. Write it down. Keep track of it. This can be where you get fresh eyes on it (paid editor or beta reader). You take that feedback and make any changes you need to. Comb it a few times. An editor can guide this process with their thoughts. If using beta readers you should probably find the most common thoughts and mark them. Fix what is repeatedly mentioned most of all. By this, I mean easy fixes (grammar, spelling, format....), not hard fixes (plotholes that require thought). 

Now is the time to brainstorm ways to fix big plotholes. I suggest involving a paid editor at this stage. You need another head to help you. Still have that accountability partner? Go find them, too. Talk to other writers. No one is an island and no one can edit alone (despite your belief your draft is gold already). Then get to work using the advice you heard. Be aware that sometimes changing one detail can mess with an intricate plotline and make you change other details after that scene. 

Repeat. Do all this again until you have polished it to a point of beauty. Editing is a long process (and you have no idea how long until you do it). All those books on your shelf didn't start looking perfect and are not perfect by accident. Hours of editing took place. Your favorite authors have professional editors. Don't be fooled into thinking it magically comes out of a pen, then gets released. No, Rita Skeeter is not reality when it comes to writing a book. The same goes for any art form I can name. 

A Note For Artists

Artists, I know I just talked about writing, but you can still use the chunking method to do your art form. How you split tasks up depends on the art form. The basic concept is that you make a manageable goal and keep moving on the project. It does not matter what project or art form you choose. Muses come and go, but successful artists and writers consistently learn their craft. Practice creates more skill, skill creates better projects (notice I didn't say perfect), and better projects give you psychological reward. Don't give up. Don't leave a million great ideas undone in your basement or attic or workshop. Go achieve your end goals. I believe in you all!

Also, if you need to create a list of the projects you intend to do in order to keep track I'm right there with you. There is no shame in listing them and doing them one by one. A backburner list is a great idea and keeps you moving on your many dream projects without creating excess stress. Don't start ten million projects and overwhelm yourself. One or two at a time is fine (depending on how complicated they are). I care about your stress levels. Go easy on yourself. 

Sources:

How to Create a Writing Routine - See Jane Write (seejanewritebham.com)

Writing Routine: How to Develop a Foolproof Writing Habit to Write Faster (self-publishingschool.com)

6 Tips for How to Organize Your Novel's Edits - Helping Writers Become Authors

Long Hair Care

 I have long hair. When down and out of the braid I keep it in, it nearly hits my waist. I quite literally have it up or in a braid almost all week, with the exception of when I wash it. Today I have found some nifty tips on what to do with super long hair. 

Photo by The Freckled Fox

In the general sense, thick long hair is great to have, yet takes work to take care of. I love my hair being long and it makes different hairstyles possible. I only wash it once a week and have my husband braid it (because he's so good at making the braid last) to keep it from tangling. Even then it tangles after five or so days of being up. I sleep in this braid, for reference. (If I'm not supposed to do that, well, too bad. I work in foodservice. It makes it easier to wear a hairnet.)

I did some research on how we're supposed to care for long hair. This is everything that I found. 

General Care

When you brush your hair go from the bottom to the top, working your way up. It doesn't rip out hair nearly as much. Also, finding a brush that gets through your hair with minimal pulling is key. Quite frankly, my hair is so thick that I brush out my hair before a shower to make sure I don't have to detangle while my hair is wet. I may brush the conditioner through the hair, but by then there aren't tangles left to brush out. I have a paddle brush for my hair. 

If you use heat, get a protective spray before you do. Heat can do a lot of damage to your hair, especially when heat is used when your hair is damp or wet (don't do this). It's worth protecting your hair from heat. I think you can kill your hair with heat. 

Washing your hair is good, but not every single day. Don't overwash your natural oils out of your hair. They recommend 2 to 3 times a week. Speaking of how to wash your hair, shampoo only goes on your scalp. Conditioner is for the length of your hair. Rinse with cool water for less tangles and breakage. 

Sleep with it in a messy bun or a loose braid to prevent tangles. Sleeping with hair down will cause massive tangles (and I should know). You're also supposed to brush it out consistently. I kind of fail at that, but only because I keep it back and out of my face all the time. The research I found suggested braids for long hair. I did that right, at least.

Detangling is best done gently. For me, it takes a while. It was suggested that you distract yourself with music or audiobooks and do it, which means you don't yank your hair. Don't be afraid to use your fingers to detangle slowly. Wide-tooth comb from bottom to top. Do this before a shower or you'll find they are worse. 

 Simple Hairstyles

Photo by
love hairstyles

Keeping your hair out of your face is a struggle. You can't keep it down all the time. I found some cute styles that don't take forever to do. We're busy people and have places to be. I especially sleep in. Thus I stick to my braid. 

Bobby pins (the ones for thick hair) are great for pinning it out of your eyes. Pull it half-up using them or just pull back your bangs with them so you can see without brushing them away. 

You can literally dress up a ponytail with a bandana, ribbon, or colorful cloth wrapped around it. Add a flower and you achieve the same thing. Braids can get fancy with added ribbon, cloth, and clips (flowers or otherwise), so don't think too hard. A bow also looks cute with braids and ponytails. Buns and clips, ribbons, and scarves are cute, too. 

You can take a large clip and make it a ponytail or half-up (I suggest Lila Rose clips for thick hair). I discovered that you can create a bun by using one of those premade bun shapers. All you have to do is pull a ponytail through it, take a hair tie and secure the hair around it, then tuck in ends. I used to take a claw clip and use it to attach the bottom of my ponytail against my head (only now my hair is too heavy). 

Fancy braids like fishtail braiding are easy and look fantastic, professional even. I did that all the time for theatre - but never did I leave this one in for more than one day. 

Easiest one yet, flip your part and create more volume on one side than the other. Cute, nice, and even elegant. Just brush it out, in case of tangles. 

The Freckled Fox has some simple, bohemian hairstyles that I like, especially for long hair. They also don't take forever and a day. The bohemian side braid is my favorite. 

Sources:

https://www.luxyhair.com/blogs/hair-blog

30 Quick and Easy Hairstyles for Long Hair (byrdie.com)

Journaling 101

 Journaling has many benefits, one of which being that it helps you process your thoughts. I did this all the time during college when I couldn't find a safe place to blurt out my thoughts verbally to a friend or alone. It is best to do this while being honest with yourself. What else are journals good for? Let's find out!

Photo By Committ30

Why journal? There are many reasons. You can release your thoughts and process whatever is most bothering you. It helps you manage anxiety and depression, too. Keep in mind that typing it out and ignoring it is not processing it; to process those thoughts you released you have to leave it all out on the page and reread it to identify bad thought habits and what is most stressful. If you are obsessing over something unhealthy it will come out in your journal. 

How To Journal

To get the most out of the journaling (typing or pen/pencil) you have to do it at least weekly, if not daily. It unclutters your mind and clears the cobwebs out of your thoughts. Let it all fall onto the page. Then read through it. See anything toxic in those words? See any negative self-talk? See any obsessions that need to be kept in check? Actively work on what concerns you about yourself from there. 

Distractions during work happen for me. This internal dialogue that doesn't shut off and takes my mind off my work is best managed by a distraction journal. I put the date, what I remembered I need to do later on, and then move on with my job. This is also ideal for keeping kids busy for the duration of long speeches, services (whether you are in a church or a ceremony), and any time you need kids to be quieter while something is going on. 

Idea journals are for writers or artists that have so many ideas we need to carry journals around with us to sketch or jot them down. Inspiration comes at strange times. The muse shows up when you are at your desk working or already have too many projects. We need the idea to come in contact with paper or phone app before we lose it. Generally, we have a million projects going on and will go down the list of ideas as we finish current projects and need more. That idea journal is great for that. 

An off-shoot of idea journals is observation journals. Most artists base their art on real people. Writers take characters from real life. Lots of people carry journals and sketchbooks for this purpose. For this reason, I count a book of observations as a journal. People watching may seem odd to some humans, but writers and artists do it all the time. 

Another reason people journal is taking notes on games. Gamers who do puzzle games specifically have to or they don't solve the game. I have been creating a walkthrough journal that includes all my Nancy Drew collection in the same notebook. Some gamers created fancy-looking ones with flaps. Others have them in a messy format. It depends on the game and gamer you are looking at. 

Photo By Calendars

Goal and bullet point journals for organizing are common. You can get fancy stamps, pages, stickers, and pens for it at any craft store that carries them. They are adorable. I also find them to be more like a scrapbook. Adorable, but they take time to make them look cute. If you like that sort of thing, more power to you. Goals are good to document. 

Prayer journals are wonderful. You can do this in many ways, including writing your distractions at the top of the page to clear your mind pre-prayer. Basically, you put your requests, God's responses (if any of them came and only if you want), and what you are thankful for. This can double as a gratitude journal. This is also a release of emotion since you can let go of your anxieties and send them God's way. My thought processing journal is in the form of letters to God, so mine is both a prayer and a journaling exercise. 

Reflecting On Your Thoughts

How do you reflect on your thoughts constructively? Let me help. WRITE is an acronym that some therapists suggest. W stands for what you want to write about. R stands for review/reflect. I stands for investigate, which you do through your writing. T stands for time, which means spending at least so many minutes writing. E stands for exiting strategically, in short terms summing up the entry and writing any goals you have and steps to take. 

Why It Isn't Hard

You can do this anywhere. I have a Word document I spew my words onto when I can't verbalize in front of someone or it isn't a good time to spew my thoughts to God out loud. It is also an option to record yourself on any device and play it back. Paper and pencil, recording, or Word documents are all great options. We all have phones, keep in mind, so you can always have a journal app ready. 

No one else's opinion of your thoughts matters. That journal is your private place to let your thoughts fly and no other humans should see it if you don't volunteer it. Do whatever you want with it when it comes to structuring. It can have no structure at all or be so structured that someone with OCD would be satisfied with every page layout. Put little drawings all over it Sonny Joon style, bullet point, color it in calligraphy, destroy it - whatever you want! 

Photo By My Inner Creative

It doesn't need to be documentation of every detail of your day. It can ignore any aspect of your week and be all about one encounter. Unless you are giving someone a status report on your work progress (and that isn't going to be in a private journal), you don't need to put anything you don't care about in the entry. I am not talking about classwork journals (and believe me, those are a pain when you have a prof. that demands details). Be vague, be so detailed you annoy yourself, be something in between. Be you. 

Your journal can easily be a sketchbook, a poetry book, letters, a song, or any form of art. The arts are therapeutic in nature. The release of emotion through words, especially in creative form, helps anxiety. Your journal doesn't have to be in sentences or grammatically correct. No one is grading your journal. This is not for a class or anyone except you. Let your creativity flow. 

Nosy People

If you think that someone is going to break into your journal, try code. Adopt a system that you can easily use to encode a message, then put the journal into that. Should you need to switch to different codes to hide your safe space, you'd better just put it under a lock and key with different codes every week. Someone who keeps invading your privacy needs to be confronted. I think they'll get your point when you change into code and change lock combinations weekly. At any rate, go talk to this human and tell them to mind their business. 

Journal with combo lock -Photo by Notebook Post

Many people want to be all in your business in this world. Find a safe space to journal if you think you'll be interrupted. Lock yourself in a room, if you want. I know what it's like to have people pry into your life, so you aren't alone out there. When it comes to privacy some humans just don't care and want to make your business theirs. Don't let them stop you from journaling. Just make sure you do it somewhere that they can't get access to it. There are some individuals who just want gossip and you should make sure your writing doesn't end up in their hands, especially if they intend to harm you with it. Like I said in the previous paragraph - use code if you need to. You'd be surprised how many people won't bother to decode it. That being said, still keep it somewhere secret if you know that someone wants your private thoughts for malicious reasons. 

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentID=4552&ContentTypeID=1#:~:text=Now%20it's%20called%20journaling.,and%20improve%20your%20mental%20health.

https://positivepsychology.com/benefits-of-journaling/

https://screening.mhanational.org/content/how-keep-mental-health-journal/

https://thedoctorweighsin.com/can-journaling-improve-your-mental-health/

https://intermountainhealthcare.org/blogs/topics/live-well/2018/07/5-powerful-health-benefits-of-journaling/

Poorhouses and Workhouses

 Christmas Carol mentions poorhouses and workhouses through Scrooge's infamous line about "Are there no workhouses?". Allow me to enlighten you on what those were. 

Photo by gold.ac.uk

When we see the horrified faces of the charity workers responding to Scrooge's comment on workhouses this is because these places were horrible. Scrooge literally told them that the poor can die in these places and he didn't care in different words. I mentioned almshouses and poorhouses in a previous blog about Nursing Homes. 

The earliest laws for dealing with the poor were made in 1601. The Elizabethan Poor Law declared locals had responsibility for the poor, had to provide for them, and were not liable for the poor outside their town. The paupers of the time could be auctioned off and work as payment for having a home. The poorhouses had the goal of transforming the character of their people and check the expenses of pauperism (selling the poor to other people). You still had to work for your care, but it was supposed to deter you from calling outside aid. This system was abused as the poor stayed and left on repeat, not finding work for themselves and taking advantage of the poorhouses.

Scottish Law

The Scottish laws were not what Dickens portrayed, being a separate system from the UK. The poor here were in two categories - deserving or undeserving poor. 1424 law made the point that some could work and didn't, while others couldn't physically work at all. If you were able-bodied and didn't work you could be arrested with two choices. Choice one was to find work within 40 days and choice two was prison. If unable to work, you had a token that showed authorities you were allowed to beg. 

The churches supported the poor who were unable to work. A 1579 act shifted that responsibility straight to the church. This created aid for those who were infirm or elderly. The children of beggars were not free from being taken as slaves (unpaid labor), however, until a boy was 24 and a girl 18. Landowners could take the offspring of beggars and make them work for nothing until those ages. 

Correction houses were poorhouses in Scotland. While these did exist and there was a legal union to England, the Scottish law is separate and resulted in a more functional city. The city was clean and well-built in Glasgow, Scotland in 1707.

Glasgow Asylum - Photo by Pinterest

The workhouse introduced something similar to an asylum when they created a floor for lunatics. This led to the Glasgow Asylum for Lunatics around 1810. After expansion and moving, a second location became a poorhouse. The conditions were meant to discourage all but the most desperate. It was criticized for unsanitary conditions. The institution separated kids, males, and females. If you had family you had to ask there for support first. Disability was a requirement to get in. 

In the Barony parish of Glasgow the able-bodies worked to make firewood and stones. If you didn't work you were put in solitary confinement and given bread and water rations, as opposed to tea and class C diet. 1845 required care for "lunatics" to be had in Barony. They built an asylum for the care of the "lunatics".

Glasgow Poor house -Photo by Glasgow Punter

Govan and Gorbals never established a poorhouse due to lack of funds. When Govan did have a poorhouse the nurses were unpaid and taken from the female inmate population (like most nurses in poorhouses). It was an area of seriously low income. 

The poor had to jump through so many hoops to get into these places and get the help they needed that it was ridiculous. If no family would support you and no poorhouse would give you aid in either cash or living place you were destitute and on the streets. While the idea that the family should be supporting family members is good, not every family did. If they found you had family you might not get into a poorhouse, even if you had asked for support previous to contacting the poorhouse. 

Anyone and Everyone

These places had also become a human garbage dump, meaning that they threw anyone they didn't want out and about in there. This is where elder care started after some families couldn't find space for their family members, which sickens me. Orphaned people ended up in here. Some of the accommodations were less than stellar, with straw beds, terrible food, flies everywhere, and generally awful conditions that made it more like a prison. Living in an almshouse created stigmas, too, and that you could never shake - even if you got out of there. 

The worry over the state of these places made foster homes and orphanages start. They had thrown orphans in the poorhouse and workhouse before this and the unsanitary conditions made some people upset. In 1875 the Children's Act passed, which meant children aged 2 to 16 couldn't be in the workhouse. This adjustment made the almshouse look more like a home for the aged. 

1800s Orphanage - Photo by Pinterest

To be fair to those who did treat the poor of the time with care and tried to make it a home and not a dump, the Beverly Poorhouse in 1900 did fairly well for a time. They kept the house and grounds in order. They tried to keep it sanitary and feed the people they served good food. I don't know if it lasted, but they did okay for a while. 

The closest equivalent we have to this system, a system no longer in place, is a temporary shelter or soup kitchen. The poorhouses were dispersed as the foster system and orphanages took the young kids from the workhouses and the elders that were there went into nursing or assisted living homes. The government aids those of low income today and the stigma still remains. The people who take advantage of the system remain, too, but that is not everyone. There are people who need that help and get it without milking it. 

Worthy of Aid

Whether you were worthy of aid in any form was a big question. It had to do with your character. What it came down to was probably your reputation. If you couldn't work, were a lone woman with a child, or had an illness you saw an overseer who deemed whether you were worthy of help. It was a problem if you were considered immoral or had a mental disorder that made it hard to work. Pillars of the community got aid easily, but the loose woman down the road who ended up with child didn't. If you got any help at all as undeserving poor it was the almshouse. 

Many immigrants ended up here. Poorhouses in America started around the time immigration began. The poorhouses were to deter undeserving poor, so you can imagine that they weren't kept well. Higher classes thought that almshouses, asylums, prisons, and orphanages created character and reformed the poor, which was actually wrong. Reformers eventually made an effort to get fallen women, children, and the mentally ill out of the institution. It left only the elderly there, likely along with some immigrants. The 14th amendment made it impossible to be forced into a poorhouse unless you volunteered to be.

Conclusions

The poorhouses are directly connected with the creation of Asylums, the foster and orphanage system, and nursing homes. My research proves to me that helping the people who truly need it is not as easy as once thought. People will take advantage of the aid systems as long as our society exists. The issue is that the early aid systems turned away those that truly needed it because they were "immoral", "fallen", or mentally ill and physically able. We need to consider this and let it sink in. The system meant to help those who needed serious help turned them away because they judged their character and not their needs. I'm truly disgusted by the fact that those who came to the system for help for real were refused for not being considered worthy -  when the gospel tells us Jesus saved us despite our sin. We weren't worthy of that, but Jesus did it anyway, so let's be kind to those who need our help. Make Charles Dickens proud. 

Sources:

The History of the Poorhouse (primaryresearch.org)

A journey through the old Glasgow workhouses – Source (sourcenews.scot)

The Poorhouse: America’s Forgotten Institution – Brewminate: We're Never Far from Where We Were

Deadpool Storyline Overview

 Deadpool is an immensely popular marvel antihero. If you haven't heard of him by now you live under a rock. While I was thinking about Loki, I figured we could dive into this guy's backstory for a bit. Ready to dive into the world of Deadpool? 

Photo by Hulu

Deadpool is not a hero, but instead an antihero. His antics are quite violent and that disqualifies him from the hero category. That doesn't stop the public from loving him, which is where antiheroes come in. He can't die and has two voices that only he can hear in his head. There is no mental filter for his mouth (though his mouth was sewn shut at some point). He has all the strengths and none of the weaknesses of various marvel X-Men. His actual name is Wade Wilson. 

What you might not know is that Deadpool has cancer. He undergoes a procedure that saves him and leaves him disfigured. His cancer can't die, yet it won't kill him. He can't die at all. He also gets his name from a bar, one that bets on which bar patron will die first. It fits perfectly. His suit is red so no one can see him bleed. Deadpool's history is a complicated one. 

The Most Coherent Info I could Find

First of all, comics that involve X-Men get real complicated real quick. Normal Marvel gets complicated, too, so I may get something wrong. Please correct me if I do. 

For some odd reason, Wade does not remember his childhood accurately. Allegedly his parents still live in Canada and kept his room for him. He didn't remember anything about that. At 17 he was briefly in the military. He became an assassin after that, was nursed to health by Wade and Mercedes Wilson, and ended up killing a bunch of people on a mission instead of just killing his target. He got close with Vanessa Carlyle before that incident. 

After this bit of oddness, he joined the Weapon X program due to getting cancer. A few experiments later and he's cancer-free and super-powered. He can grow back entire body parts. He's an expert marksman and hand-to-hand combatant. He's also bilingual. Much like Loki, his violent antics and unbalanced mind make people want to kill him or generally highly dislike him. He's not loved. 

He escapes hospice and frees other people. He goes back to killing people. He kidnapped Blind Al and failed to kill Cable. Other organizations wanted Wade's healing powers and none could get them. He had a few falling outs with others (an understatement, if you ask me). Thanos also cursed him with immortality after Deadpool fell in love with death (the character, not the concept). He at one point worked for SHIELD, Great Lakes Avengers (until Squirrel Girl kicked him out), the Avengers, and Nick Fury. 

Plot twist, he has a daughter and married Shiklah Queen of the Undead! He was also used by the sleeper agent posing as Captain America to help Hydra take over. After all this stuff had happened, he put a bounty on his own head, challenging the whole marvel universe to kill him. But he's cursed with immortality, so obviously he didn't die. And that is Deadpool for you. 

Ending Thoughts

Comics get complicated. What order do you read Deadpool's story in? I'll give you a link.

Deadpool Order

Truthfully, it might be easier to keep track of the storyline by reading it yourself. Keep in mind that he is rated R as a whole. You don't need to be reading this to young kids. But you knew that, I'm sure. All in all, he's the most out-of-control antihero ever recorded by Marvel.  

Photo by Game Rant

Sources:

https://www.bustle.com/articles/140805-whats-deadpools-origin-story-the-tale-as-unique-as-the-character-himself

https://www.marvel.com/characters/deadpool-wade-wilson/in-comics

Where Nursing Homes Started

If you look at the history of the asylums blog I posted before this, you see that this type of home replaced the asylums when it came to the elderly. How did this start? Let's take a closer look. 

Photo by Flashbak - a 1970s nursing home (if you didn't guess by the colors in the room)

The nursing home may have had some similarities to asylums. I'd say it isn't the same, mostly because the focus is different. The focus isn't to cure, but instead to keep the elders of the community comfortable and somewhat happy. This is where you send grandma and grandpa when you can no longer take care of their needs by yourself. The asylums in comparison were similar, yet the goal of the asylum was recovery. 

You think of medical care when you think of nursing homes. Older asylums look like nursing homes in some cases. I know that nowadays nursing homes are not all homey. It didn't start that way. The homes were literally homes set up for those who needed support in their older age. Hospitals also took on some of the chronic, age-related care. The social security act of 1935 resulted in institutionalized rest homes because it provided funding from the government. Almshouses closed their doors around this time. Government funding was followed by government regulations, which were created to combat any abuses within the system. 1965 revealed medical facility-like nursing homes. 

The Beginning

We still haven't addressed where it all started. Early on the elders of the family were cared for by the family. Urban environments and work schedules, as well as lack of living space, created a demand for sending the older family members elsewhere. One of these places could be an almshouse (poor house or workhouse). The almshouse was one of three places you could send your relatives. Frankly, I find that appalling. Do you know who else ended up in almshouses? The insane, orphans, the poor, prisoners, and the displaced in society. Those with chronic and long-term illnesses could sometimes not be admitted into hospitals, and therefore, ended up here. Conditions were awful in these poor houses. 

Blackwell Island Almshouse -
 photo by Dailymail

Where else can you send your elders? Let's see, how about the board and care homes. This is nothing more than a rented room with basic care and meals. This is closer to the system we have today. Churches could be running these places. Sometimes you required a bit of money and proof of good character to get in, leaving the people of the streets out of the boarding houses. The earliest homes were not licensed, unlike later ones. They began providing more care as residents needed more help. The board and care homes transitioned into skilled nursing homes.

Assisted living was created as people disliked and complained about the medical atmosphere that overtook nursing homes. I can tell you that assisted living is not the same as a nursing home, mostly because the people are far more independent and might just need rehabilitation Even the rooms are fancier. At times, people are transferred to the nursing home section after they have declined. By now people were getting the picture when it came to making money; this is evidenced by the prices of assisted facilities today. There were so many places built and much like asylums this meant a lack of quality and ability to control quality. Some days I wonder if the nursing homes will end up in a similar situation to asylums (though I greatly hope that won't be the case). Lack of staffing is a warning sign that is hard to ignore and it worries me. 

Currently, Covid 19 and nursing homes have been having a hard time. We are more regulated there than in any other public place. While most businesses have said "don't worry about the mask if you're vaccinated", nursing homes and care facilities (heck, anything medical) have not. I do agree with the protection of our older humans. I also understand that abuses can easily happen and the regulations put in place are for the safety of the residents. The system is changing in odd ways due to the pandemic and I can't predict what it will look like two years from now. All I know is that the system itself is shifting.

Conclusions

After researching this and asylums in the same week, I can understand why they would keep an eye on the nursing and rest homes that are here. If unregulated, abuses can easily go unchecked and the whole system could crash into the same obstacles that asylums have. If over-regulated, we all go insane trying to meet impossible standards. It is a tight rope in the truest sense. We've come a long way from almshouses, thankfully, but the system is forever changing. May it change for the better as life evolves and we assess how we treat our elders. 

What truly makes me sad is that rest homes run by churches didn't reach out to the poor as much as they should have. They were too busy asking about character to help, which makes me sad inside. If you have read the previous blog on asylums, you will note that some unfortunate elders were sent to asylums to cut state costs. That is one place you could end up, which was just as bad as the almshouse if you were committed to an over-populated one. Food for thought. Take care of your family elders and make sure they are loved and provided for, especially when they are in a care facility of any kind. Give them the love you'd want in your old age. Check on them to make sure the home is treating them well. Hold the system accountable. That could make all the difference in the world to your family member and future residents.

Sources:

 https://www.nextavenue.org/history-of-nursing-homes/

https://www.americannursinghistory.org/history-nursing-homes-in-america

https://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-evolution-of-the-nursing-home